CAMPBELL of Burnton (New Cumnock, AYR,SCT) was often chased by the dragoons and was wont to hide in the brae above Dalhanna house where he had prepared a secret hiding place never discovered. He was twice wounded but escaped and survived. Charles I tried to impose Episcopacy on the Scots. This was seen as unaccepatable the National Covenant was signed in Edinburgh in 1638. Things settled down between 1657-1660 but when Charles II was put back on the throne things became worse. He re-introduced Episcopacy and those ministers who would not conform were ousted from their charges - most religious sevices were performed outdoors in gatherings known as Conventicles. "The Killing Times" as this period is known ended shortly after the death of Charles II in 1685.

Dutch explorer Abel Tasman explores the west coast of Tasmania, lands on its east coast and names the island Anthoonij van Diemenslandt.

English explorer William Dampier explores the west coasts of Australia.

Dutch explorer Willem de Vlamingh charts the southwestern coast of Australia, making landfall at Rottnest Island and the site of the present-day city of Perth.