Helena Augusta Victoria Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-AugustenburgAge: 771846–1923
- Name
- Helena Augusta Victoria Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
- Given names
- Helena Augusta Victoria
- Surname
- Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
- Also known as
- Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
- Also known as
- Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Birth | 25 May 1846 26 27 Buckingham, Palace, London, England
Note:
Princess Helena (Helena Augusta Victoria; Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein by marriage;[1] 2…
Princess Helena (Helena Augusta Victoria; Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein by marriage;[1] 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923) was a member of the British Royal Family, the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between the variety of royal residences in Britain. The intimate atmosphere of the royal court came to an end on 14 December 1861, when her father died and her mother entered a period of intense mourning. In the early 1860s, Helena began a flirtation with Prince Albert's German librarian, Carl Ruland. Although the nature of the relationship is largely unknown, Helena's romantic letters to Ruland survive.[2] After the Queen found out in 1863, she dismissed Ruland, who returned to his native Germany. Three years later, on 5 July 1866, Helena married the impoverished German Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. The couple remained in Britain, in calling distance of the Queen, who liked to have her daughters nearby, and Helena along with her youngest sister, Princess Beatrice, became the Queen's unofficial secretary. However, after Queen Victoria's death on 22 January 1901, Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings.
Helena was the most active member of the royal family, carrying out an extensive programme of royal engagements at a time when royalty was not expected to appear often in public. She was also an active patron of charities, and was one of the founding members of the Red Cross. She was founding president of the Royal School of Needlework, and president of the Royal British Nurses' Association. As president of the latter, she was a strong supporter of nurse registration against the advice of Florence Nightingale.[3] She became the first member of her family to celebrate her 50th wedding anniversary in 1916, but her husband died a year later. Helena outlived him by six years, and died aged 77 at Schomberg House on 19 June 1923. |
Birth of a sister | 18 March 1848 (Age 21 months) Buckingham, Palace, London, England
younger sister -
Louise Caroline Alberta … Princess
|
Birth of a brother | 1 May 1850 (Age 3) Buckingham, Palace, London, England
younger brother -
Prince Arthur William Patrick …
|
Australian History | 1850 (Age 3) Note: Western Australia becomes a penal colony. Note: Australian Colonies Government Act [1850] grants representative constitutions to New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania, colonies set about writing constitutions which produced democratically progressive parliaments Note: Australia's first university, the University of Sydney, is founded. |
Australian History | 1851 (Age 4) Note: Victoria separates from New South Wales. Note: The Victorian gold rush starts when gold is found at Summerhill Creek and Ballarat. Note: Forest Creek Monster Meeting of miners at Chewton near Castlemaine |
Birth of a brother | 7 April 1853 (Age 6) Buckingham, Palace, London, England
younger brother -
Prince Leopold George Duncan …
|
Australian History | 1853 (Age 6) Note: Bendigo Petition and Red Ribbon Rebellion at Bendigo |
Australian History | 1854 (Age 7) Note: The Eureka Stockade |
Australian History | 1855 (Age 8) Note: The transportation of convicts to Norfolk Island ceases. Note: All men over 21 years of age obtain the right to vote in South Australia. |
Australian History | 1856 (Age 9) Note: Van Diemen's Land name changed to Tasmania. |
Birth of a sister | 14 April 1857 (Age 10) Buckingham, Palace, London, England
younger sister -
Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore Battenberg
|
Australian History | 1857 (Age 10) Note: Victorian Committee reported that a 'federal union' would be in the interests of all the growing colonies. However, there was not enough interest in or enthusiasm for taking positive steps towards bringing the colonies together. Note: Victorian men achieve the right to vote. |
Marriage of a sister | Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - View family 25 January 1858 (Age 11) London, England
brother-in-law -
Frederick III … German Emperor
elder sister -
Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
|
Australian History | 1858 (Age 11) Note: Sydney and Melbourne linked by electric telegraph. Note: New South Wales men achieve the right to vote. |
Australian History | 1859 (Age 12) Note: SS Admella wrecked off south-east coast of South Australia with the loss of 89 lives. Note: Australian rules football codified, Melbourne Football Club founded Note: Queensland separates from New South Wales with its western border at 141 degrees E. |
Australian History | 1860 (Age 13) Note: John McDouall Stuart reaches the centre of the continent. South Australian border changed from 132 degrees E to 129 degrees E. |
Death of a maternal grandmother | 16 March 1861 (Age 14) Frogmore House, Windsor, England
maternal grandmother -
Marie Luise Victoria Hanover
|
Death of a father | 14 December 1861 (Age 15) Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England |
Australian History | 1861 (Age 14) Note: The ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition occurs. Note: skiing in Australia introduced by Norwegians in the Snowy Mountains goldrush town of Kiandra |
Marriage of a sister | Princess Alice Maud Mary … - View family 1 July 1862 (Age 16) Osborne House, Isle Of Wight
brother-in-law -
Grand Duke Louis IV … Of Hesse
elder sister -
Princess Alice Maud Mary …
|
Australian History | 1862 (Age 15) Note: Stuart reaches Port Darwin, founding a settlement there. Queensland's western border is moved to 139 degrees E. |
Marriage of a brother | Edward VII Wettin King Of England - View family 10 March 1863 (Age 16) St. George Chap., Windsor, England
elder brother -
Edward VII Wettin King Of England
sister-in-law -
Princess Alexandra … Of Denmark
|
Australian History | 1863 (Age 16) Note: South Australia takes control of the Northern Territory which was part of the colony of New South Wales. |
Marriage | (Frederick) Christian Charles … Prince - View family 5 July 1866 (Age 20) Windsor Castle, England |
Birth of a son #1 | 1867 (Age 20)
son -
Christian Victor …
|
Australian History | 1867 (Age 20) Note: Gold is discovered at Gympie, Queensland. Note: Saint Mary MacKillop founds Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart. |
Australian History | 1868 (Age 21) Note: The transportation of convicts to Western Australia ceases. |
Birth of a son #2 | 1869 (Age 22) |
Australian History | 1869 (Age 22) Note: Children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent are removed from their families by Australian and State government agencies. |
Birth of a daughter #3 | 3 May 1870 (Age 23) |
Marriage of a sister | Louise Caroline Alberta … Princess - View family 21 March 1871 (Age 24) St. George Chap., Windsor, England
brother-in-law -
John Campbell Duke Of Argyll
younger sister -
Louise Caroline Alberta … Princess
|
Birth of a daughter #4 | 1872 (Age 25)
daughter -
Princess Marie Louise …
|
Australian History | 1872 (Age 25) Note: Overland Telegraph Line linking Darwin and Adelaide opens. |
Australian History | 1873 (Age 26) Note: Uluru is first sighted by Europeans, and named Ayers Rock. |
Marriage of a brother | Alfred Ernest Albert … Prince - View family 23 January 1874 (Age 27) Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia
elder brother -
Alfred Ernest Albert … Prince
sister-in-law -
Marie Alexandrovna … Grand Duchess
|
Australian History | 1875 (Age 28) Note: SS Gothenburg strikes Old Reef off North Queensland and sinks with the loss of approximately 102 lives. Note: Adelaide Steamship Company is formed. |
Birth of a son #5 | 12 May 1876 (Age 29)
son -
Frederick Harold …
|
Death of a son | 20 May 1876 (Age 29)
son -
Frederick Harold …
|
Death of a sister | 14 December 1878 (Age 32) Darmstadt, Germany
elder sister -
Princess Alice Maud Mary …
|
Australian History | 1878 (Age 31) Note: First horse-drawn trams in Australia commenced operations in Adelaide. |
Marriage of a brother | Prince Arthur William Patrick … - View family 13 March 1879 (Age 32) St. George Chap., Windsor, England
younger brother -
Prince Arthur William Patrick …
sister-in-law -
Duchess Louise Margaret … Of Prussia
|
Australian History | 1879 (Age 32) Note: The first congress of trade unions is held. |
Australian History | 1880 (Age 33) Note: The bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged. Note: Parliamentarians in Victoria become the first in Australia to be paid for their work. |
Marriage of a brother | Prince Leopold George Duncan … - View family 27 April 1882 (Age 35) St. George Chap., Windsor, England
younger brother -
Prince Leopold George Duncan …
sister-in-law -
Princess Helena Frederica … Of Waldeck
|
Australian History | 1882 (Age 35) Note: First water-borne sewerage service in Australia commenced operations in Adelaide. |
Australian History | 1883 (Age 36) Note: The opening of the Sydney-Melbourne railway Note: Silver is discovered at Broken Hill |
Death of a brother | 28 March 1884 (Age 37) Cannes, France
younger brother -
Prince Leopold George Duncan …
|
Marriage of a sister | Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore Battenberg - View family 23 July 1885 (Age 39) Whippingham, Isle Of Wight
brother-in-law -
Prince Henry Maurice … Of Battenberg
younger sister -
Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore Battenberg
|
Australian History | 1887 (Age 40) Note: An Australian cricket team is established, defeating England in the first Ashes series. First direct Inter-colonial passenger trains begin running between Adelaide and Melbourne. |
Australian History | 1889 (Age 42) Note: The completion of the railway network between Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney. Note: Sir Henry Parkes delivers the Tenterfield Oration. |
Australian History | 1890 (Age 43) Note: The Australian Federation Conference calls a constitutional convention. |
Australian History | 1891 (Age 44) Note: A National Australasian Convention meets, agrees on adopting the name 'the Commonwealth of Australia' and drafting a constitution. Note: The first attempt at a federal constitution is drafted. Note: The Convention adopts the constitution, although it has no legal status Note: A severe depression hits Australia |
Australian History | 1892 (Age 45) Note: Gold is discovered at Coolgardie, Western Australia. |
Australian History | 1893 (Age 46) Note: The Corowa Conference (the 'people's convention') calls on the colonial parliaments to pass enabling acts, allowing the election of delegates to a new constitutional convention aimed at drafting a proposal and putting it to a referendum in each colony. |
Australian History | 1894 (Age 47) Note: South Australia becomes the first Australian colony, and the second place in the world, to grant women the right to vote, as well the first Parliament in the world to allow women to stand for office. |
Australian History | 1895 (Age 48) Note: The premiers, except for those of Queensland and Western Australia, agree to implement the Corowa proposals. Note: Waltzing Matilda is first sung in public, in Winton, Queensland Note: Banjo Paterson publishes The Man from Snowy River |
Australian History | 1896 (Age 49) Note: The Bathurst Conference (the second 'people's convention') meets to discuss the 1891 draft constitution |
Australian History | 1897 (Age 50) Note: In two sessions, the Second National Australasian Convention meets (with representatives from all colonies except Queensland present). They agree to adopt a constitution based on the 1891 draft, and then revise and amend it later that year. Note: Catherine Helen Spence became the first female political candidate for political office, standing for election as a representative for South Australia. |
Australian History | 1898 (Age 51) Note: The Convention agrees on a final draft to be put to the people. Note: After much public debate, the Victorian, South Australian and Tasmanian referendums are successful; the New South Wales referendum narrowly fails. Later New South Wales votes 'yes' in a second referendum, and Queensland and Western Australia also vote to join. |
Australian History | 1899 (Age 52) Note: The decision is made to site the national capital in New South Wales, but not within 100 miles of Sydney. Note: The Australian Labor Party holds office for a few days in Queensland, becoming the first trade union party to do so anywhere in the world. Note: The first contingents from various Australian colonies are sent to South Africa to participate in the Second Boer War. |
Death of a son | 1900 (Age 53)
son -
Christian Victor …
|
Death of a brother | 30 July 1900 (Age 54) Schloss Rosenau, Coburg, Bavaria, Germany
elder brother -
Alfred Ernest Albert … Prince
|
Australian History | 1900 (Age 53) Note: Several delegates visit London to resist proposed changes to the agreed-upon constitution. Note: The constitution is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom as a schedule to the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, and is given royal assent |
Death of a mother | 22 January 1901 (Age 54) Osborne House, Isle Of Wight, England
mother -
Alexandrina Victoria Hanover
|
Death of a sister | 5 August 1901 (Age 55) Friedrichshof, Kronberg, Taunus, Germany
elder sister -
Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
|
Australian History | 1901 (Age 54) Note: (01 Jan) Australia becomes a federation on 1 January. Edmund Barton becomes Prime Minister; the 7th Earl of Hopetoun becomes Governor-General Note: The first parliament met in Parliament House, Melbourne Note: Immigration Restriction act was introduced- The White Australian Policy Note: The Australian National Flag was flown for the first time |
Australian History | 1902 (Age 55) Note: The Franchise Act guarantees women the right to vote in federal elections (by this stage, most states had already done this). However, it excludes most non-European ethnic groups, including Aboriginal people, unless already registered to vote on State roles. Note: King Edward VII approved the design of the Australian flag. Note: Breaker Morant is executed for having shot Boers who had surrendered |
Australian History | 1903 (Age 56) Note: The High Court of Australia is established with Samuel Griffith as the first Chief Justice. Note: The Defence Act gives the federal government full control over the Australian Army Note: Alfred Deakin elected Prime Minister |
Australian History | 1904 (Age 57) Note: A site at Dalgety, New South Wales chosen for the new national capital Note: Chris Watson forms the first federal Labor (minority) government |
Australian History | 1906 (Age 59) Note: Australia takes control of south-eastern New Guinea |
Australian History | 1908 (Age 61) Note: Dorothea Mackellar publishes My Country Note: The Dalgety proposal for the national capital is revoked, and Canberra is chosen instead |
Australian History | 1909 (Age 62) Note: The first powered aeroplane flight in Australia is made. |
Death of a brother | 6 May 1910 (Age 63) Buckingham, Palace, London, England
elder brother -
Edward VII Wettin King Of England
|
Burial of a brother | 20 May 1910 (Age 63) Windsor, Berkshire, England
elder brother -
Edward VII Wettin King Of England
|
Australian History | 1910 (Age 63) Note: Andrew Fisher forms the first federal majority Labor government. |
Australian History | 1911 (Age 64) Note: The Royal Australian Navy is founded Note: The Northern Territory comes under Commonwealth control, being split off from South Australia Note: The first national census is conducted. Note: Australian Capital Territory proclaimed. |
Australian History | 1912 (Age 65) Note: Australia sends women to the Olympic Games for the first time Note: Walter Burley Griffin wins a design competition for the new city of Canberra |
Australian History | 1913 (Age 66) Note: Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth cross the Blue Mountains. Note: Matthew Flinders refers to New South Wales by the name 'Australia'. |
Australian History | 1913 (Age 66) Note: The foundation stone for the city of Canberra is put in place |
Australian History | 1914 (Age 67) Note: Australian soldiers are sent to the First World War. This was first time Australians had fought under the Australian flag, as opposed to that of Britain's. |
Australian History | 1915 (Age 68) Note: (25 APRIL)Australian soldiers land at Anzac Cove on the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey on 25 April. Note: Jervis Bay Territory comprising 6,677 hectares surrendered and becomes part of the Australia Capital Territory. Note: Surfing is first introduced to Australia Note: Billy Hughes became Prime Minister |
Australian History | 1916 (Age 69) Note: Hotels are forced to close at 6 p.m., leading to the beginning of the 'six o'clock swill' Note: Australia suffers heavy casualties in the Western Front Battle of the Somme. Note: The Returned Sailors� and Soldiers� Imperial League of Australia, the forerunner to the Returned and Services League of Australia is founded Note: The Labor government under Billy Hughes splits over conscription. First referendum on conscription is rejected |
Death of a husband | 1917 (Age 70)
husband -
(Frederick) Christian Charles … Prince
|
Australian History | 1917 (Age 70) Note: Second referendum on conscription is rejected. Transcontinental railway linking Adelaide to Perth is completed. Note: Australian 4th Light Horse Brigade launches last cavalry charge in modern warfare to capture Beersheba from the Ottoman Turks. |
Australian History | 1918 (Age 71) Note: (08 AUG) Battle of Amiens Note: Australian troops spearhead 8 August offensive against Hindenberg Line - the 'black day of the German Army'. Note: On 12 August, Australian commander General Sir John Monash is knighted in the field of battle by King George V Note: First World War ends - 60,000 Australians dead. Note: The Darwin Rebellion takes place, with 1,000 demonstrators demanding the resignation of the Administrator of the Northern Territory, John A. Gilruth. |
Australian History | 1919 (Age 72) Note: Prime Minister Billy Hughes signs Treaty of Versailles: the first signing of an international treaty by Australia. Australia obtains League of Nations mandate over German New Guinea. |
Australian History | 1920 (Age 73) Note: The airline Qantas is founded |
Australian History | 1921 (Age 74) Note: Edith Cowan becomes the first woman elected to an Australian parliament |
Australian History | 1922 (Age 75) Note: The Smith Family charity is founded in Sydney |
Australian History | 1923 (Age 76) Note: Vegemite is first produced |
Death | 9 June 1923 (Age 77) Schomberg House, Pall Mall, London, England |
Family with parents - View family |
father |
Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel …
Birth 26 August 1819 Schloss Rosenau, Near Coburg, Germany Death 14 December 1861 (Age 42) Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England Loading...
|
-3 months mother |
Alexandrina Victoria Hanover
Birth 24 May 1819 51 32 Kensington, Palace, London, England Death 22 January 1901 (Age 81) Osborne House, Isle Of Wight, England Loading...
|
Marriage: 10 February 1840 — Chapel Royal, St. James Palace, England |
|
9 months #1 elder sister |
Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Birth 21 November 1840 21 21 Buckingham, Palace, London, England Death 5 August 1901 (Age 60) Friedrichshof, Kronberg, Taunus, Germany Loading...
|
1 year #2 elder brother |
Edward VII Wettin King Of England
Birth 9 November 1841 22 22 Buckingham, Palace, London, England Death 6 May 1910 (Age 68) Buckingham, Palace, London, England Loading...
|
17 months #3 elder sister |
Princess Alice Maud Mary …
Birth 25 April 1843 23 23 Buckingham, Palace, London, England Death 14 December 1878 (Age 35) Darmstadt, Germany Loading...
|
15 months #4 elder brother |
Alfred Ernest Albert … Prince
Birth 6 August 1844 24 25 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England Death 30 July 1900 (Age 55) Schloss Rosenau, Coburg, Bavaria, Germany Loading...
|
22 months #5 herself |
Helena Augusta Victoria Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Birth 25 May 1846 26 27 Buckingham, Palace, London, England Death 9 June 1923 (Age 77) Schomberg House, Pall Mall, London, England Loading...
|
22 months #6 younger sister |
Louise Caroline Alberta … Princess
Birth 18 March 1848 28 28 Buckingham, Palace, London, England Death 3 December 1939 (Age 91) Kensington, Palace, London, England Loading...
|
2 years #7 younger brother |
Prince Arthur William Patrick …
Birth 1 May 1850 30 30 Buckingham, Palace, London, England Death 16 January 1942 (Age 91) Bagshot Park, Surrey, England Loading...
|
3 years #8 younger brother |
Prince Leopold George Duncan …
Birth 7 April 1853 33 33 Buckingham, Palace, London, England Death 28 March 1884 (Age 30) Cannes, France Loading...
|
4 years #9 younger sister |
Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore Battenberg
Birth 14 April 1857 37 37 Buckingham, Palace, London, England Death 26 October 1944 (Age 87) Bantridge Park, Balcombe, Sussex, England Loading...
|
Family with (Frederick) Christian Charles … Prince - View family |
husband |
(Frederick) Christian Charles … Prince
Birth 1831 Death 1917 (Age 86) Loading...
|
15 years herself |
Helena Augusta Victoria Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Birth 25 May 1846 26 27 Buckingham, Palace, London, England Death 9 June 1923 (Age 77) Schomberg House, Pall Mall, London, England Loading...
|
Marriage: 5 July 1866 — Windsor Castle, England |
|
6 months #1 son |
Christian Victor …
Birth 1867 36 20 Death 1900 (Age 33) Loading...
|
2 years #2 son |
Albert … Duke Of Schleswig-Holstein
Birth 1869 38 22 Death 1931 (Age 62) Loading...
|
16 months #3 daughter |
Helena Victoria Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Birth 3 May 1870 39 23 Death 1948 (Age 77) Loading...
|
20 months #4 daughter |
Princess Marie Louise …
Birth 1872 41 25 Death 1956 (Age 84) Loading...
|
4 years #5 son |
Frederick Harold …
Birth 12 May 1876 45 29 Death 20 May 1876 (Age 8 days) Loading...
|
Helena Augusta Victoria Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg has 0 first cousins recorded
Father's family (0)
Mother's family (0)
Birth | Princess Helena (Helena Augusta Victoria; Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein by marriage;[1] 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923) was a member of the British Royal Family, the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between the variety of royal residences in Britain. The intimate atmosphere of the royal court came to an end on 14 December 1861, when her father died and her mother entered a period of intense mourning. In the early 1860s, Helena began a flirtation with Prince Albert's German librarian, Carl Ruland. Although the nature of the relationship is largely unknown, Helena's romantic letters to Ruland survive.[2] After the Queen found out in 1863, she dismissed Ruland, who returned to his native Germany. Three years later, on 5 July 1866, Helena married the impoverished German Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. The couple remained in Britain, in calling distance of the Queen, who liked to have her daughters nearby, and Helena along with her youngest sister, Princess Beatrice, became the Queen's unofficial secretary. However, after Queen Victoria's death on 22 January 1901, Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings.
Helena was the most active member of the royal family, carrying out an extensive programme of royal engagements at a time when royalty was not expected to appear often in public. She was also an active patron of charities, and was one of the founding members of the Red Cross. She was founding president of the Royal School of Needlework, and president of the Royal British Nurses' Association. As president of the latter, she was a strong supporter of nurse registration against the advice of Florence Nightingale.[3] She became the first member of her family to celebrate her 50th wedding anniversary in 1916, but her husband died a year later. Helena outlived him by six years, and died aged 77 at Schomberg House on 19 June 1923. |
Australian History | Western Australia becomes a penal colony. |
Australian History | Victoria separates from New South Wales. |
Australian History | Bendigo Petition and Red Ribbon Rebellion at Bendigo |
Australian History | The Eureka Stockade |
Australian History | The transportation of convicts to Norfolk Island ceases. |
Australian History | Van Diemen's Land name changed to Tasmania. |
Australian History | Victorian Committee reported that a 'federal union' would be in the interests of all the growing colonies. However, there was not enough interest in or enthusiasm for taking positive steps towards bringing the colonies together. |
Australian History | Sydney and Melbourne linked by electric telegraph. |
Australian History | SS Admella wrecked off south-east coast of South Australia with the loss of 89 lives. |
Australian History | John McDouall Stuart reaches the centre of the continent. South Australian border changed from 132 degrees E to 129 degrees E. |
Australian History | The ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition occurs. |
Australian History | Stuart reaches Port Darwin, founding a settlement there. Queensland's western border is moved to 139 degrees E. |
Australian History | South Australia takes control of the Northern Territory which was part of the colony of New South Wales. |
Australian History | Gold is discovered at Gympie, Queensland. |
Australian History | The transportation of convicts to Western Australia ceases. |
Australian History | Children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent are removed from their families by Australian and State government agencies. |
Australian History | Overland Telegraph Line linking Darwin and Adelaide opens. |
Australian History | Uluru is first sighted by Europeans, and named Ayers Rock. |
Australian History | SS Gothenburg strikes Old Reef off North Queensland and sinks with the loss of approximately 102 lives. |
Australian History | First horse-drawn trams in Australia commenced operations in Adelaide. |
Australian History | The first congress of trade unions is held. |
Australian History | The bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged. |
Australian History | First water-borne sewerage service in Australia commenced operations in Adelaide. |
Australian History | The opening of the Sydney-Melbourne railway |
Australian History | An Australian cricket team is established, defeating England in the first Ashes series. First direct Inter-colonial passenger trains begin running between Adelaide and Melbourne. |
Australian History | The completion of the railway network between Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney. |
Australian History | The Australian Federation Conference calls a constitutional convention. |
Australian History | A National Australasian Convention meets, agrees on adopting the name 'the Commonwealth of Australia' and drafting a constitution. |
Australian History | Gold is discovered at Coolgardie, Western Australia. |
Australian History | The Corowa Conference (the 'people's convention') calls on the colonial parliaments to pass enabling acts, allowing the election of delegates to a new constitutional convention aimed at drafting a proposal and putting it to a referendum in each colony. |
Australian History | South Australia becomes the first Australian colony, and the second place in the world, to grant women the right to vote, as well the first Parliament in the world to allow women to stand for office. |
Australian History | The premiers, except for those of Queensland and Western Australia, agree to implement the Corowa proposals. |
Australian History | The Bathurst Conference (the second 'people's convention') meets to discuss the 1891 draft constitution |
Australian History | In two sessions, the Second National Australasian Convention meets (with representatives from all colonies except Queensland present). They agree to adopt a constitution based on the 1891 draft, and then revise and amend it later that year. |
Australian History | The Convention agrees on a final draft to be put to the people. |
Australian History | The decision is made to site the national capital in New South Wales, but not within 100 miles of Sydney. |
Australian History | Several delegates visit London to resist proposed changes to the agreed-upon constitution. |
Australian History | (01 Jan) Australia becomes a federation on 1 January. Edmund Barton becomes Prime Minister; the 7th Earl of Hopetoun becomes Governor-General |
Australian History | The Franchise Act guarantees women the right to vote in federal elections (by this stage, most states had already done this). However, it excludes most non-European ethnic groups, including Aboriginal people, unless already registered to vote on State roles. |
Australian History | The High Court of Australia is established with Samuel Griffith as the first Chief Justice. |
Australian History | A site at Dalgety, New South Wales chosen for the new national capital |
Australian History | Australia takes control of south-eastern New Guinea |
Australian History | Dorothea Mackellar publishes My Country |
Australian History | The first powered aeroplane flight in Australia is made. |
Australian History | Andrew Fisher forms the first federal majority Labor government. |
Australian History | The Royal Australian Navy is founded |
Australian History | Australia sends women to the Olympic Games for the first time |
Australian History | Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth cross the Blue Mountains. |
Australian History | The foundation stone for the city of Canberra is put in place |
Australian History | Australian soldiers are sent to the First World War. This was first time Australians had fought under the Australian flag, as opposed to that of Britain's. |
Australian History | (25 APRIL)Australian soldiers land at Anzac Cove on the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey on 25 April. |
Australian History | Hotels are forced to close at 6 p.m., leading to the beginning of the 'six o'clock swill' |
Australian History | Second referendum on conscription is rejected. Transcontinental railway linking Adelaide to Perth is completed. |
Australian History | (08 AUG) Battle of Amiens |
Australian History | Prime Minister Billy Hughes signs Treaty of Versailles: the first signing of an international treaty by Australia. Australia obtains League of Nations mandate over German New Guinea. |
Australian History | The airline Qantas is founded |
Australian History | Edith Cowan becomes the first woman elected to an Australian parliament |
Australian History | The Smith Family charity is founded in Sydney |
Australian History | Vegemite is first produced |