John McDouall Stuart reaches the centre of the continent. South Australian border changed from 132 degrees E to 129 degrees E.

The ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition occurs.

Stuart reaches Port Darwin, founding a settlement there. Queensland's western border is moved to 139 degrees E.

South Australia takes control of the Northern Territory which was part of the colony of New South Wales.

Gold is discovered at Gympie, Queensland.

The transportation of convicts to Western Australia ceases.

Children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent are removed from their families by Australian and State government agencies.

Overland Telegraph Line linking Darwin and Adelaide opens.

Uluru is first sighted by Europeans, and named Ayers Rock.

SS Gothenburg strikes Old Reef off North Queensland and sinks with the loss of approximately 102 lives.

First horse-drawn trams in Australia commenced operations in Adelaide.

The first congress of trade unions is held.

The bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged.

First water-borne sewerage service in Australia commenced operations in Adelaide.

No. 9254 ~This is the last Will and Testament of me Nicholas Paget Bayly of Sydney in the Colony of New South Wales, Australia Esquire. I give appoint devise and bequeath all my real and personal estate and all my real and - personal estate over which I have or may at my death have any power and appointment or disposition unto my dear wife Florence Mary Bayly absolutely for her sole and ---seperate use free? from the debts control or interperence of any husband with - whom she may at any time intermarry and I appoint my said wife sole Execetive of this my Will. And I hereby revoke all Wills by me at anytime heretofore make and declare this to be my last Will and Testament. In sickness wherever the said Nicholas Paget Bayly has to this his Will hereunto set his hand at Sydney aforesaid this eightenth day of April in the year of our lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty three ~ N.Paget Bayly ~ Signed and aknowledged by the abovenamed Nicholas Paget Bayly as his Will in the presence of us present at the same time who in his presence as his signed and in the presence of each other have hereunto subscribed our names as witnesess 12 December 1883 This day By Court Probate of the Last Will and Testament of - Nicholas Paget Bayly late of Sydney Esquire deceased has granted to Florence Mary Bayly sole ? Testator died 6th July 1883 Estate sworn at two thousand four hundred and sixty one pounds ...

The opening of the Sydney-Melbourne railway